my country's nature reserves have entered a new stage of comprehensively deepening reforms

Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Establishing a Natural Reserve System with National Parks as the Main Body". What is the background and significance of the guidance? How to establish and improve the management system and mechanism of nature reserves? The relevant person in charge of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration answered questions from reporters on relevant issues.
Q: What is the background and significance of the guidance?
A: At present, my country has established more than 11,800 nature reserves of various types and levels, covering 18% of my country's land area and 4.6% of its territorial waters. In maintaining national ecological security, protecting biodiversity, preserving natural heritage and improving played an important role in the quality of the ecological environment. However, the long-standing problems such as imperfect top-level design, unsmooth management system, and unclear property rights responsibilities are not in line with the development requirements of the new era.
The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the establishment of a natural reserve system with national parks as the main body. At the beginning of 2018, the relevant documents of the reform plan of the party and the state made it clear that the establishment of a natural reserve system with national parks as the main body was accelerated, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration was established, and the National Park Administration brand was added, and the State Forestry and Grassland Administration was uniformly supervised. Manage national parks, nature reserves, scenic spots, special marine reserves, natural heritage, geoparks and other natural reserves.
The issuance of the guiding opinions this time is a specific measure to implement Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought and coordinate the management of the landscape, forest, farmland, lake and grass system. A new stage of comprehensively deepening reform. This is conducive to the systematic protection of national ecologically important areas and typical natural ecological spaces, comprehensive protection of biodiversity and geological, landform and landscape diversity, promoting the complete protection of the life community of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, and laying an ecological foundation for sustainable economic and social development.
Question: What are the guiding ideology, construction goals and basic principles of the guiding opinions on establishing a natural reserve system with national parks as the main body?
Answer: The establishment of a natural reserve system with national parks as the main body must be based on the fundamental requirements of ensuring that important natural ecosystems, natural relics, natural landscapes and biodiversity are systematically protected, improving the supply capacity of ecological products, and maintaining national ecological security. guiding ideology.
The guiding opinions clarified the overall goal of building a natural reserve system with national parks as the main body with Chinese characteristics, and proposed three phased goals and tasks: to build a unified classification and hierarchical management system for nature reserves by 2020; A system of nature reserves with national parks as the main body; by 2035, the scale and management of nature reserves will reach the world's advanced level, and a system of nature reserves with Chinese characteristics will be fully established.
The five basic principles are: adhere to strict protection and inherit from generation to generation; adhere to the determination of rights according to the law and hierarchical management; adhere to the ecology for the people and scientific utilization; adhere to government leadership and multi-party participation; adhere to Chinese characteristics and international standards.
Q: How are the classification systems and functional positioning of nature reserves clear in the guidance? How to integrate optimization?
A: According to the authenticity, integrity, systemicity and internal laws of natural ecosystems, the guiding opinions divide my country's natural reserves into three types: national parks, nature reserves, and natural parks according to their ecological value and protection intensity. A national park is an area whose main purpose is to protect a nationally representative natural ecosystem, and a nature reserve is an area that protects typical natural ecosystems, natural concentrated distribution areas of rare and endangered species of wild animals and plants, and natural relics of special significance. , A natural park is an area that protects important natural ecosystems, natural relics and natural landscapes, has ecological, ornamental, cultural and scientific value and can be used sustainably.
The guiding opinions put forward the tasks, principles and requirements for the integration and optimization of existing nature reserves, such as integrating various overlapping nature reserves, merging and optimizing adjacent nature reserves, etc. In the process of integration, optimization and merging, the principle of maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem should be maintained, and the overall requirements of not reducing the area of ​​protection, not reducing the intensity of protection, and not changing the nature of protection should be followed. The principle requires implementation. After integration and optimization, there should be only one set of institutions for a protected area, and only one brand should be retained.
Q: What requirements does the guidance put forward for establishing and improving the management system and mechanism of nature reserves?
A: The guiding opinions clearly require innovation in the management mechanism and system of nature reserves.
The guiding opinions clearly reform the old system of setting up by departments, classifying resources, and setting up by administrative divisions, and establish a new system for unified setting, hierarchical management, and divisional management and control of nature reserves.
Unified management means that a nature reserve is managed by one department and one management agency throughout the entire process. Regions and departments are not allowed to establish new types of nature reserves on their own.
There are three management modes, namely direct central management, central and local joint management and local management.
Established at two levels, nature reserves directly managed by the central government and jointly managed by the central and local governments shall be established with the approval of the state, nature reserves managed by local governments shall be established with the approval of the provincial government, and the management subject shall be determined by the provincial government.
Zoned control, national parks and nature reserves are divided into core protected areas and general control areas. In principle, human activities are prohibited in core protected areas, and human activities are restricted in general control areas. In principle, natural parks are managed as general control areas.
Q: What are the main measures taken by the State Forestry and Grass Administration to implement the guiding opinions?
Answer: The State Forestry and Grassland Administration will conduct a comprehensive survey to find out the nature of nature reserves, formulate development plans for nature reserves on the basis of comprehensive assessment, and scientifically formulate national park establishment standards and spatial layout plans on the basis of summarizing the pilot experience of the national park system. . According to the requirements of the central government, the pilot work will end in 2020 and a batch of national parks will be officially established.
At the same time, formulate an implementation plan for the integration and optimization of natural protected areas, and integrate and classify protected areas in areas that meet the establishment standards of national parks, are included in the spatial layout plan of national parks, and have the conditions for the establishment of national parks as national parks; overlapping nature reserves Integrate according to the principle of high protection intensity and level; for the same type of nature reserves that are connected (adjacent) to the same natural geographical unit, merge and reorganize according to the principles of complete natural ecosystems, connectivity of species habitats, and unified protection and management. Determine the type and functional positioning of the merged nature reserves, optimize the scope and control zoning. It is also necessary to promote the legislative process of nature reserves, continuously improve the construction of the legal system of nature reserves, strengthen the supervision and management of nature reserves, properly solve the problems left over from history, and carry out research on a series of major issues such as ways to realize the public welfare of nature reserves and comprehensive law enforcement.
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